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- BOOKS, Page 69Is a Populist Revolt at Hand?
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- By PRISCILLA PAINTON
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- THE POLITICS OF RICH AND POOR
- by Kevin Phillips
- Random House; 262 pages; $19.95
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- In the shoot-from-the-hip world of Washington
- prognostication, Kevin Phillips stands out like a Nostradamus.
- As early as 1969, he foresaw the revolt against permissiveness
- and the disaffection of white Southerners with the Democratic
- Party, which helped create "the emerging Republican majority"
- that has dominated American politics for the past 20 years. Now
- he has a major new book that could portend good news for the
- ailing Democrats: the 1990s, he argues, will bring a populist
- backlash against the greedfest of the 1980s.
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- Phillips brings the authority of statistics and history to
- his argument: with an elegant weaving of charts and cultural
- observations, he paints a picture of the Reagan decade as
- America's third period of "heyday capitalism," when the poor
- got poorer, the middle class had to get rich in order to retain
- a middle-class life-style, and being rich had to be redefined
- to account for the tripling in the number of multimillionaires.
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- Only twice in American history, he contends, did the rich
- gain so much: during the Gilded Age of the 1880s and the
- Roaring Twenties. Both periods were followed by
- countermovements: William Jennings Bryan's populism and
- Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal. "Only for so long will
- strung-out $35,000-a-year families enjoy magazine articles
- about the hundred most successful businessmen in Dallas or
- television programs about the life-styles of the rich and
- famous," he writes ominously. "And the discontents that arise
- go well beyond lower-class envy or the anticommercial bias of
- academe."
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- The analysis follows in the tradition of cyclical
- historians, such as Arthur Schlesinger Jr., who see alternating
- periods of civic action and reaction. But Phillips is not a
- hand-wringing liberal pining for a return to power; he is a
- conservative political scientist who once worked for Richard
- Nixon. For all the rigor of his economic dissection, however,
- Phillips offers few clues about the form this populist upheaval
- is likely to take -- a disappointing weakness given that
- politicians as varied as George Wallace and Jesse Jackson
- inspired followings that were described as populist.
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- Phillips sees signs in a few polls that middle-class
- Americans are ready to reject Reagan's era of neglect toward
- the poor. But, so far, signs of any sort of populism are scant,
- even among Democrats who presumably would harness it. The U.S.,
- still largely dominated by self-reliant escapees of a
- stratified Europe, has been disinclined to believe that
- Government should help narrow the gap between rich and poor.
- Only 29% favor the idea, according to a recent poll. The
- concept became particularly distasteful in the 1960s, when the
- push for civil rights redefined equality largely in racial
- terms. Over time, whites have come to see Government's economic
- engineering as a threat to their own opportunities.
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- This may explain why the resentments the poor and middle
- class harbor at the end of the Reagan decade seem to have
- aggravated racial tensions rather than creating, as Jesse
- Jackson hoped, a "rainbow coalition" of poor and disaffected
- citizens of all colors. New York City has recently lurched from
- scholarly disputes about race to racial showdowns, a Milwaukee
- alderman has threatened to form a Black Panther militia if the
- city does not improve the conditions of blacks, and campuses
- across the country are so infected with intolerance that
- educators have organized mandatory "sensitivity training"
- sessions. In this climate it is hard to imagine that a sense
- of class solidarity would emerge for the insurgency that
- Phillips envisions.
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- Instead of a populist revolt, the legacy of the 1980s
- appears to be a widespread sense of civic alienation. This fall
- an estimated two-thirds of the electorate will not go to the
- polls. Large numbers of American households resisted sending
- back their census forms, and this year's tax-evasion gap is
- expected to exceed $100 billion for the first time ever. Faced
- with the largest financial fiasco in U.S. history -- a savings
- and loan bailout that could cost up to half a trillion dollars
- -- American taxpayers have barely uttered a peep. "People don't
- feel any sense of ownership over the Federal Government," says
- Democratic pollster Geoffrey Garin. "It isn't them, and it
- isn't theirs."
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- For Americans to run to the barricades, they have to care
- enough to erect them. So far, for their dose of populism,
- Americans are content to let their patrician President eat pork
- rinds, lay out a horseshoe pitch at the White House and evoke
- a "kinder, gentler" nation like a smug, self-fulfilling
- national mantra.
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